karma :: essays research papers

Christians and Americans not the same as Japanese. Be that as it may, here too the center encounters were the equivalent. There are clearly different sides of the story. One must glance at the two sides with cautious eye and decide for they what they accept is valid. This is the place the possibility of resurrection comes in. Since it is 7 fused in such a large number of religions, you discover a response to an inquiry, which you really need to know the response to, and don't forsake your confidence in doing as such. Rebirth is distinguished in numerous religions. Resurrection is regularly thought of as a Hindu way of thinking and it is followed back to Hinduism, yet it very well may be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Buddhism and in a lot more religions. In Judaism, resurrection is known as Gilgul. In spite of the fact that it has an alternate name it has nearly precisely the same significance. Gilgul was a prevailing instructing in Judaism for more than 300 years. Cabala, a book of Judaism, which is frequently, concentrated by Rabbi’s, one of the heavenly books of the Jews which discusses rebirth. Rabbi Steinsaltz (Cranston 181) is an expert on the Cabala. He states: According to Cabalistic teaching, the Torah contains show as well as shrouded facts: the equivalent otherworldly God whom the Bible celebrates as preeminent ruler and lawgiver seems to be, from the magical additionally an endlessness of heavenly knight that exists as the establishment of each individuals soul. For me, each spirit is a transmission or sparkle of the awesome, and its definitive intention is to rejoin the God it came from.... I would like to exhibit the insider facts of the Cabbala-, which rationalistic Rabbi’s of the nineteenth century excused as risky enchantment , are completely consonant with customary Rabbinic Judaism. (181) 7 this view is additionally held by an enormous gathering of Orthodox Jews known as the Hasidim. Resurrection is all around educated among them. Then again, the spirit, its life and interminability are seldom referenced in the Old Testament. There is likewise no immediate refusal of it either. In the Book of Job (14:14), Job obviously asks, â€Å" If a man kicks the bucket will he live again?† however gets no answer. So in the Old Testament, rebirth isn't precluded it is simply not raised as a significant point in the book. Then again, if one somehow happened to investigate the Bible, the topic of like after death is raised and replied.

The story Killings by Andre Dubus Essay Example for Free

The story Killings by Andre Dubus Essay The story Killings by Andre Dubus is about a man named Matt and his adoration for his child Frank. He is disturbed in light of the fact that his child has been slaughtered by a man called Richard. Matts spouse, more seasoned child, and his companions believe that Richard ought to be murdered as well. His child wishes to kill the killer of his more youthful sibling, yet Matt is even frightened of the idea in light of the fact that doing so implies that he would lose his subsequent child, as well. His better half likewise wouldn't like to see Richard alive. In Killings, Matt resents himself for the explanation of not having the option to ensure his child and is compelled to slaughter his children killer; in any case, toward the end he isn't exceptionally excited about it rather he is extremely disturbed and discouraged. One reason that Matt murders Richard is his own better half. She is harmed by her children passing. She is continually crying since she sees her children killer strolling around in the stores constantly which murders her. When Matt tells his companion Willis Ruth sees him to an extreme. She was at bright Hurst today getting cigarettes and headache pills and there he was. She cannot go out any longer. It is slaughtering her (90). This clarifies the amount of weight he is under to retaliate for his children demise. This leads him to execute Richard despite the fact that he wouldn't generally like to slaughter him Another one reason for Matts activity is that Matts more seasoned child Steve needs to murder Richard. For instance, when they leave subsequent to covering Frank to his memorial park, Steve goes to his family and states, I should execute him (89). This point out that Steve is additionally harmed by his more youthful siblings passing, who was just twenty one years of age. He feels so defenseless and wishes to execute Richard. Matt is frightened by this since he wants his child to execute anybody. In the event that he submits murder, Matt would lose his subsequent child, as well. Matts companion Willis likewise proposes that he should slaughter Richard in light of the fact that Richard has consistently been brutal and vicious. When he shot a womans spouse for her and dropped him off the scaffold in the Merrimack River with a hundred pound sack of concrete. He even secured his wrongdoing by saying that no one helped the lady. This proclaims what sort of a man Richard is and what he has done to other people. Presently he has executed Frank which was exceptionally remorseless of him, and Matts family accepts that he has no privilege to live. Willis is additionally driving Matt to accept that whatever his family considers doing to Richard is correct. Willis urges Matt to murder Richard himself before somebody in his family submits the demonstration and he loses another relative. Just so everybody would be mitigated and imagine that equity has been finished.

Med School Admissions Tips for Your Letters of Rec

You’ve taken the MCAT, completed all the pre-reqs, and maybe shadowed a physician, done some research, and volunteered. Now it’s time to make sure you’re all in for the last legs of this long journey. In this series, we’ll discuss how you can continue to navigate your way to a med school acceptance by analyzing your profile, creating a strong med school application, writing stellar AMCAS and secondary essays, and nailing your interview. Here are some handy tips that you can pass along to your recommenders. 1. Review a copy of the applicants personal statement so that your letter of recommendation can dovetail with – not conflict with or duplicate – the rest of the application. 2. Ask the applicant to supply you with additional information like a resume, transcripts, or personal statement. 3. Describe your qualifications for comparing the applicant to other applicants. I have been teaching for twenty years and have advised approximately 450 students on independent research projects over the last five years. I have personally supervised ten interns every summer for the last five years plus worked with over two hundred college students in the Big Medical Center ER. 4. Discuss how well you know the applicant. I was able to get to know Joe because he made it a point to attend two of my sections every week when only one was required. Jane did research in my laboratory for two years, and I worked very closely with her. 5. Choose two to three qualities that you observed in the applicant. Jane has a rare blend of top research, analytical, and interpersonal skills. The combination of tenacity, willingness to help, and good communications skills found in Joe is truly unique. 6. In discussing those qualities, support your statements with specific instances in which he or she demonstrated those attributes. Be as concrete and detailed as possible. Joe is the only student I ever had who came to all my office hours as part of a relentless – and successful – drive to master biochemistry. He was one of just ten percent in the class to receive an A. Because of Janes research and communications skills, I didnt hesitate to ask her to monitor epileptic patients and prepare electrodes to be implanted in their bilateral temporal lobes. Her quality work contributed significantly to a paper we co-authored and presented to the Society for Neuroscience. 7. Try to quantify the students strengths or rank him or her vis-a-vis other applicants that you have observed. He was in the top 10% of his class. She has the best research skills of any person her age that I have ever supervised. 8. Avoid generalities and platitudes. 9. Include some mild criticism, typically the flip-side of a strength. The only fault I have encountered in him is his retiring nature. His modesty sometimes hides a young man of remarkable sensitivity and broad interests. Occasionally, her fortitude and persistence can turn into stubbornness, but usually her good nature and level-headedness prevail. 10. Discuss the applicants potential in his or her chosen field. I enthusiastically recommend Joe to your medical program. This well-rounded student will be a fine, compassionate doctor. With her exceptional interpersonal and research skills, Jane will be an outstanding doctor and a credit to the medical school she attends. Need help composing a letter of recommendation that presents a compelling case to the admissions committee? Check out Accepted’s  Recommendation Letter Assistance Packages! For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Leadership in Admissions, a free guide †¢Ã‚  The Best Medical School Recommendations †¢Ã‚  Residency Applicants: Get The Recommendations You Need!

Analysis Of The Movie Real Women Have Curves - 1152 Words

Josefina Lopez writer of the play and co-screenwriter of the movie â€Å"Real Women Have Curves† created two important characters, Ana and Carmen, to demonstrate real life issues in the Mexican-American culture. In the movie Carmen becomes the antagonist that constantly torments Ana. Several identities were pushed onto Ana, forcing her have to break through her family’s old-fashioned cultural beliefs as well as her community’s stereotypes. Ana remained resilient regardless of what her mother put her through which led to her own self-love and comfort. Common stereotypes about women in the Mexican-American culture include that women are uneducated, good housewives, and very fertile. Many parents still believe it’s the woman’s job to stay home and be the homemaker. The concept of gender, which is socially constructed, is reinforced since birth. (Sociology Lecture 08/24/2015) Ana was caught in the middle of gender politics. Her mother oppressed her daughter so she can become a grandmother. The film â€Å"Real Women Have Curves† deals with gender stereotypes and struggles of poor women living in East LA. Carmen was trying to have Ana chained to the notion of women being inferior to men. Carmen believed men to be superior, whereas Ana thought differently. However Ana strived to liberate herself from traditional cultural norms by pursuing her college education. Her mother’s negative influence only caused Ana to rebel. Carmen, Ana’s mother, was the root to all the problems Ana had. On a dailyShow MoreRelatedThe Media And Diversity, Semiotics And Textual Analysis2185 Words   |  9 PagesIn this essay, it will present an analysis of the media and diversity, semiotics and textual analysis. The text I will be looking at is a short excerpt trailer from the Disney movie, â€Å"Tangled† (Rapunzel) which was released on 24th November 2010 in United States of America. The analysis will then relate to the issues on gender stereotypes and differences reinforced by Disney. I have chosen this topic because Disney has been very relatable to my childhood and Rapunzel is my favorite Disney princessRead MoreFemale Sterotypes in the Media Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pageswith the media is the sublimation of, and reaffirmation of, stereotypical female gender roles. â€Å"The media treats women like shit† (Cho). Which is a serious issue because of Marshall McLuhan’s famous words, â€Å"Th e Medium is the Message† (Warwick). The medium up for discussion is the media, which can be fundamentally defined as the most significant â€Å"single source of information that people have today (Katz). Therefore, in order to understand â€Å"what’s going on in our society† (Katz) it is â€Å"absolutely imperativeRead MoreAre There Actual Female Characters? Sci Fi?2012 Words   |  9 Pagesmale characters. When women are shown in heroic female roles, they are still belittled for not being a man. Seiter claims that â€Å"Many of the more stereotyped features of the portrayal of women†¦are also accurate reflections of the sexist reality of our society† (21). It is unfortunate that this claim is accurate, but it is. Science fiction is a fictional genre, providing an opportunity to break all stereotypes and create a world from scratch. But gender stereotypes have been ingrained into theRead MoreExercises for Microeconomics17876 Words   |  72 Pageseconomics ââ€"Ž Positive economics ââ€"Ž Rational person ââ€"Ž Sunk cost ââ€"Ž Opportunity cost ââ€"Ž Absolute advantage ââ€"Ž Comparative advantage ââ€"Ž Attainable point ââ€"Ž Unattainable point ââ€"Ž Efficient point ââ€"Ž Inefficient point ââ€"Ž Production possibilities curve REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. The most you would be willing to pay for having a freshly washed car before going out on a date is $6. The smallest amount for which you would be willing to wash someone else’s car is $3.50. You are going out this evening, andRead MoreBusiness Economics Solutions Mba12192 Words   |  49 PagesQUESTIONS 2-1 Explain this statement: â€Å"If resources were unlimited and freely available, there would be no subject called economics.† If resources were unlimited and freely available, making choices would not be necessary. Every person could have as much as they wanted of any good or service. Economics, the science of choice, would be unnecessary. 2-2 Comment on the following statement from a newspaper article: â€Å"Our junior high school serves a splendid hot meal for $1 without costing theRead MoreA Cultural Analysis Of Reproduction By Emily Martin4155 Words   |  17 PagesTowghi GWS 111.2 11 August 2016 The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction Emily Martin Anthropologist Emily Martins book† â€Å"The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction† is an ethnographic study of male-oriented metaphors for women s reproductive processes and women s real thoughts about those processes through interviews. Martin and her assistants interviewed 165 African American and white women, regarding three stages of life starting with the earliest in woman’sRead MoreMazda Case Study3391 Words   |  14 Pagesprevious units (eg, consumer behaviour, market research, the marketing mix etc) should be incorporated into the analysis. The seminar is of 15 – 20 minutes duration. MAZDA CASE STUDY You have been hired by the strategic marketing manager of Mazda, and you have been assigned to investigate their company’s integrated marketing communications in the case attached. Present your analysis for the following questions. 1. Analyze the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing ofRead MoreAdvanced Placement Microeconomics23462 Words   |  94 Pagesmodels) √ Task of analysis is to systematically arrange, interpret, and generalize upon facts √ Principles and theories bring order and meaning to facts by tying them to together, putting them in correct relationship to one another and generalizing. √ Principles are expressed as the tendencies of typical or average consumers, workers, or business firms √ Generalizations †¢ â€Å"Other things equal† assumption—controlling all variables except one †¢ Abstractions—do not mirror the complexity of real world †¢ GraphicRead MoreConsumer Behavior for Mobile Phones7103 Words   |  29 PagesDECISION 23 PLACE PREFERRED FOR BUYING 24 BRAND RECALL 25 NEW FEATURES 29 FACTOR ANALYSIS 32 INTERPRETATIONS 40 SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS 41 LIMITATIONS 42 ANNEXURE-1 43 ANNEXURE-2 44 ANNEXURE-3 - QUESTIONNAIRE 45 REFERENCES 48 ABSTRACT My project that is â€Å"Consumer behavior for mobile phones† is basically is a market research project. The nature of the research is Exploratory that is I have not done this to find out the solution of a specific problem rather it is just a preliminaryRead MoreSymbolic Meaning of the Land in Gone with the Wind6993 Words   |  28 PagesReviewÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 2.1 Brief Introduction of Margaret Mitchell and Gone with the WindÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…4 2.2 Previous Researches of Gone with the WindÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….4 2.3 The Views about Sociology of NovelsÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..5 Chapter 3 Narrative Analysis of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...7 3.1 Contextual Meaning of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..7 3.2 Social Emotions of Novels of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…8 3.3 Social Function of Novels of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...Â…..9 3.4 Living Circumstances

Nutrition in Elderly People - 3480 Words

Nutrition in Elderly People Nutrition in elderly people is most often compromised as compared to that of the younger generation. This is because the older folks are faced with multiple, recurrent diseases, which affect their immune systems in several ways, one of them being the over usage of medication which suppress the immune system (Alberti KG, 2005). Under-nutrition is exceedingly a common condition among the elderly, and therefore, people are not aware that many of them also suffer from overweight and obesity. The aging process is not the cause of malnutrition but people have formed an opinion that there is a relation between malnutrition and the aging process. They forget that under-nutrition in the elderly is as a result of the following common risk factor such as; social isolation, stroke, housebound, gait and balance disorder, swallowing disorder, Parkinsons disease, adverse drug reactions, chronic pain, fractured hip, depression and recent hospitalization (Escott-Stump, 2008). Therefore, all these risk factors must be taken into consideration especially when managing an elderly persons nutrition. Nutrition in the elderly has become a common problem due to the scenarios where doctors pay little or no attention to the nutritional status of the elderly person hence leading to a high number of nutrition related cases among the elderly than other age groups. Medical practitioners are used to the normal classification of underweight the greatest nutritionalShow MoreRelatedNutrition And The Home Bound Elderly1394 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition and the Home Bound Elderly The provision of nutrition services is critical to all individuals as it ensures the access to healthy food as well as education on proper nutrition. However, the ill and the elderly have an increased need for nutrition services as this could facilitate disease management, improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Past studies and research have shown that nutritional support of the elderly and the ill could improve the quality of life in terms healthRead More The Elderly and Malnutrition Essays1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe Elderly and Malnutrition      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At any age, nutrition is vital to maintaining health and enhancing quality of life.   However, achieving good nutrition can be especially difficult for the elderly, the fastest growing portion of Americas population.   Many factors, including physiological changes, changes in nutritional needs, illness and physical limitations, food-medication interactions, depression and loneliness, and food insecurity are common causes of malnutrition in the elderlyRead MoreFood Assistance Programs For Food Aid Programs1450 Words   |  6 Pages† As a result of this data an increase in societal level food interventions are important to implement to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly. Food assistance programs can be a solution to address this problem. The importance of elders of having the appropriate foods for health and the struggles they have in acquiring these foods suggests that elderly food assistance programs might develop better ways of helping them obtained such foods (Wolfe et al., 2003). Food assistance program that existRead MoreMalnutrition Among The Elderly : Malnutrition1681 Words   |  7 PagesMalnutrition in the Elderly The general objective of this research paper is to increase awareness about a mostly hidden epidemic among the elderly. Studies show one in every two older people are at risk for malnutrition. (Drewnowski Evans, 2001) Findings also show that hunger among the elderly is an enormous, far-reaching problem found in places across the globe, but the United States seems to be an unlikely place to find starvation where food is plentiful. Consequently, because of ineffectiveRead MoreNutrition For Kids : Nutrition1704 Words   |  7 Pagesbody weight or 2-3 liters per day† (healthyeating.sfgate.com). Good nutrition means getting the right amount of nutrients from healthy foods in the right combinations. Knowing about nutrition and making smart choices about the foods you eat can help you achieve good health. Good health avoids obesity and a great number of illnesses. Nutrition for Kids Nutrition is very important for everyone, but especially for kids. Nutrition is directly linked to all aspects of their growth and development. ItRead MoreThe Importance Of Nutrition On Our Daily Lives1683 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years we have come to discover the importance of nutrition on our daily lives. Our daily nutritional intake affects every aspect of our functioning, especially as we age. Unfortunately this factor is too often overlooked. It is imperative that we truly understand the impact of proper nutrition on our lives, as aging is a complex process. Over time the human body accumulates damage in many of its major systems. Countless hours of research have gone into studying the human body and how itRead MoreElderly Nutrition1540 Words   |  7 Pagesolder population will continue expand in size and diversity. Individual older people differ greatly from one another in their nutrient requirements and need for nutrition services. The aging individual in good health who exercises regularly and takes few medications may have nutrient requirements that are similar to those of younger adults of the same sex, build, and health status. Conversely, the chronically ill elderly adult who is regularly taking a wide variety of drugs is likely to have increasedRead MoreElderly Nutrition1532 Words   |  7 Pagesolder population will continue expand in size and diversity. Individual older people differ greatly from one another in their nutrient requirements and need for nutrition services. The aging individual in good health who exercises regularly and takes few medications may have nutrient requirements that are similar to those of younger adults of the same sex, build, and health status. Conversely, the chronically ill elderly adult who is regularly taking a wide variety of drugs is likely to have increasedRead MoreFood Requirements For The Elderly994 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1. THE ELDERLY Food requirements for the elderly Calorie needs- The age increase of the elderly means that their activity level is minimum, this leads to the elderly needing to consume less calories than before. Depending on the physical active level of the senior, The National Policy and Resource Centre on Nutrition and Ageing from Florida University suggests that males aged 50 to 70 need approximately 2,220 calories per day. While females aged 50 to 70 require 1,980 calories per day. AfterRead MoreThe Greater Cleveland Food Bank828 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization that serves Northeastern Ohio and was founded in 1979. The organization seeks to bring nutritious meals those that are most affected by hunger and poor nutrition in the region, such as low income families and elderly. The organization is headquartered on the eastern side of Cleveland, OH. 1 Statement of need, purpose, rationale Nutrition plays an important role in one’s health, an unhealthy diet can be a contributing factor for overall poor health. In fact, it can even lead to numerous enduring

Business Management Danone free essay sample

Being a leader in these 4 segments corresponding to the heavy trends of consumption and deriving more than 50% of its turnover from developing countries have helped the Group to secure a 6,9 % growth in 2010 despite the down turn of world economy. It is obvious that to be able to be successful on these highly competitive markets, a company owes to apply a good strategy. The group is also supported by an effective communication and by a strong involvement in Research and development where they spend 1% of their global turn over. But above all these, with its fast development in emerging countries often through joint ventures and its switch in 2007 of 40% of its activities from biscuits to baby and clinical food, what has been critical to insure its success through these drastic changes has been the management of the group under the strong leadership of Franck Riboud who succeeded, as chairman and CEO of DANONE, to his father Antoine in 1996. Through this study, we shall show how DANONE possesses a real identity very present in its management and organization and that this cultural model, initiated since the early 70’s by Antoine Riboud and enhanced by Frank Riboud, has been key to the Group success. - LITERATURE REVIEW * SWOT analysis â€Å"A strategic planning tool that includes external and internal factors and is utilized by businesses and other organizations to ensure that there is a clear objective defined for the project or venture, and that all factors related to the effort – positive and negative – are identified and addressed. (Tatum, 2010) The SWOT’s process involves four areas of consideration: * Strengths: characteristics of the business or team that give it an advantage over others in the industry. * Weaknesses: are characteristics that place the firm at a disadvantage relative to others. * Opportunities: external chances to make greater sales or profits in the environment. * Thr eats: external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. External factors According to David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski (5th edition), external factors of a business organization include: * Macro-environment factors (PESTLE analysis): â€Å"identifying the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Ecological factors affecting an organization. † * Micro-environment factors (Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces†): * Competitive rivalry * Threat of new entry * Buyer power * Threat of substitution * Supplier power * Organizational structures Based again on David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski (5th edition), organizational structure is: â€Å"The format system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve organizational goals. † The purpose of organization structure is, first, to divide up organizational activities and allocate them to sub-units and, second, to co-ordinate and control theses activities so that they achieve the aims of the organization. * Hofstede’s Theory Hofstede’s research gives us insights into other cultures so that we can be more effective when interacting with people in other countries. As it was clearly defined at Alan Godsave’s lecture (2011), Hofestede’s cultural dimensions are: * Individualism: People look after selves and immediate family only. * Masculinity: dominant social values are success, money, and things. * Power distance: Less powerful members accept that power is distributed unequally. * Uncertainty avoidance: people feel threatened by ambiguous situations; create beliefs/institutions to avoid such situations. * Time and Relationship dimensions. Cultural Elements According to Bauer and Erdogan (2009):  «Ã‚  Culture can be understood in terms of seven different culture dimensions, depending on what is most emphasized within the organization. For example, innovative cultures are flexible and adaptable, and they experiment with new ideas, while stable cultures are predictable, rule-oriented, an d bureaucratic. Strong cultures can be an asset or a liability for an organization but can be challenging to change. Organizations may have subcultures and countercultures, which can be challenging to manage.  » Culture dimensions (the organization culture profile): Innovative * Aggressive * Outcome-oriented * Stable * People-oriented * Team-oriented * Detail-oriented * Motivation â€Å"The cognitive, decision-making process through which goal-directed behaviour is initiated, energized, and directed and maintained. †(David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski, 5th edition) Motivation can be regarded as a broad concept, which includes preferences for particular outcomes, strength of effort (half-hearted or enthusiastic) and persistence (in the face of barriers). These are the factors that we have to understand in order to explain our motivation and behaviour. These are the factors that a manager has to appreciate in order to motivate employees to behave in organizationally desirable ways. - ANALYSIS I – STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 1 – DANONE’S INDUSTRY History, according to DANONE official website, www. danone. fr The original company bearing the corporate name was founded in 1919 by Isaac Carasso in Barcelona (Spain) as a small factory producing yoghurt initially sold in Pharmacy. The factory was named Danone, a Catalan diminutive of the name of his first son. Ten years later, the first French factory was built. In 1967, Danone merged with Gervais, the leading fresh cheese producer in France and became Gervais Danone. Another branch of Group Danone descended from industrial glassmaker BSN, which was founded by the family of Antoine Riboud. He transformed BSN into one of Europes leading food groups in the 1970s through a series of acquisitions and mergers, including the 1973 merger with Gervais Danone. The acquisitions initially took the shape of vertical integration, acquiring brewer Kronenbourg and Evian mineral water that were the glassmakers largest customers. In 1973, the company merged with Gervais Danone and began to expand internationally. In 1979, the company abandoned glassmaking. In 1987, Gervais Danone acquired European biscuit manufacturer General Biscuit, owners of the LU brand, and, in 1989, it bought out the European biscuit operations of Nabisco. In 1994, BSN changed its name to Groupe Danone, adopting the name of the group’s best-known international brand. Franck Riboud succeeded his father, Antoine, as the companys chairman and CEO in 1996. Under Riboud junior, the company continued to pursue its focus on three product groups (dairy, beverages, and cereals) and divested itself of several activities, which had become non-core. From 1999 to 2006, the group sold its glass-containers business, its European and Chinese beer activities, its Italian cheese and meat businesses, and its sauces business. Despite these divestitures, Danone continues to expand internationally in its 3 core business units, emphasising health and well-being products. In July 2007, it was announced that Danone had reached agreement with Kraft to sell its biscuits division, including the LU and Prince brands. Also in July 2007 Danone bought the Dutch baby food and clinical nutrition company Numico creating the worlds second largest manufacturer of baby food. Facts 2010 Sales: 17 080 million euros Operational profit: 2 578 million euros. Employees: 101 000 Factories: 159 World Ranking in the food industry: 5th CAC 40 (Paris stock exchange) ranking in capitalization: 9th Activities, Brands (DANONE official data and information, available at www. danone. com) Fresh dairy products: with 20 % of the world market (35 % in certain countries) and a presence in about forty countries, Danone is the leader on this market. This activity, representing 57 % of the turnover of the Group, recorded an increase of 6,5 % in 2010. The strategy of the Group within the world market of the dairy products is to lean on innovations products centred on helping your health and on local adaptation of its brands. Main brands: Danone, first world mark with Danone, Actimel, Activia, Danonino (Small Gervais in Fruits), Vitalinea (Taillefine, Vitasnella or Ser in some countries), Danacol, Gervita and Dany. Packaged waters: This activity, representing 17 % of the turnover of the Group, recorded an increase of 5,3 % in 2010. Main brands: Evian (world 1st bottled water), Volvic, Aqua, Bonafont and Font Vella Baby food: This activity, representing 20 % of the turnover of the Group, recorded an increase of 8,9 % in 2010. Main brands: Bledina, Gallia, Nutricia, Nutrini, Milupa, Cowamp;Gate, Bebiko. Clinical nutrition: this last pole, representing 6% of the turnover, recorded a 9% increase in 2010. Main brands: Nutricia, fortimel, Nutrison http://danone10. danone. com/vignettes/fr/html_danone10/docs/Principaux_indicateurs_2010 _FR. pdf 2 – SWOT ANALYSIS * INTERNAL * STRENGTHS Promotion * A brand more than a company Legitimacy to impose its products. * Master in marketing (copied by Unilever and Nestle). Take advantage of a strong image as specialist of food with health connotation. The group strengthen its scientific credibility by clinical studies (DANONE institute). * Derive World fame, thanks to Evian, the world famous brand of water. Price * Capacity to impose its prices thanks to its notoriety and its image. * Possibility of imposing high prices with regard to the market health connotation. Distribution Notoriety Allows a referencing in all distribution channels. The standardization / globalization of its products allows to answer at universal needs, optimizing their global distribution. Margin of important negotiation market share and spectacular notoriety. Model geographically well balanced with half of the turnover in emerging countries, 10% in the USA and the rest in Western Europe. Po ssibility of self-financing in the case of new subsidiaries important financial capacities. Product * Strong capacities of innovation all over the world. * Adaptation to foreign consumer habits. * Benefit from an excellent mastering of its businesses specificity know how to make. * Have at the same time a portfolio of international brands and very robust local positions. Strong trust and loyalty of the consumers to products (due to the quality control). Organization * Benefit from a healthy financial structure and a good level of internal growth. * Unique flexible decentralised organisation * The most powerful food Group in the sector of the health. * Intensification of the strategy of growth. * Have competitive advantages (brands, distribution network) unique in 2 businesses (Water, Dairy products). * WEAKNESSES Promotion * Sued for misleading advertising. Price * Increase of the level of the prices due to high cost price of raw packaging materials. Place * The policy of standardization of products makes potentially difficult taking into account the sociocultural differences or the taste differences of the various populations. Product * The policy of standardization is a barrier to operate adjustments produced according to the evolutions of markets or the changes of trend. * The globalization is a difficulty to take into account the strategies of differentiations of the competitors, in particular at the level of a specific country. * The brands are the main asset of the company. Organization * DANONE’s model may be difficult to be accepted over corporate culture and differences of management in various countries. * Difficulties to integrate exogenous elements into its culture. * EXTERNAL * OPPORTUNITIES Offer Opportunities of external growth through Potential foreign partners seduced by: * The respect and the conservation of the partner’s corporate culture * The understanding of his culture before a proposition of common projects * The cultural footbridges in favour of ideas and knowledge sharing. The quality of the industrial and marketing know-how facilitate the co-branding with the other brands on the other markets. Demand Expanding market (convenience goods). A large number of countries remain to be converted to fresh dairy products as well as bottled water (developing countries). Even in times of crisis the most basic needs of consumers is food. Influences * Healthy food became a major subject and is widely followed and supported by th e consumers and the legislation (preventive campaigns against the obesity). * THREATS Offer * Strong direct competition by hard discounters and store brands. Strong competition in the field of the water PepsiCo (Aquafina) and Nestle (Perrier). * Inflationary environment of dairy products. * Increasing Costs of the communications often involving to part from certain brands. * Anchored in a very competitive system link to the expansion of its market. Demand * Versatility of the demand linked to the diversity of the offer on the food market. Influences * Governmental campaigns concerning the health potential problem of excessive consumption of fresh dairy product. 3 – EXPLORING NEW OPPORTUNITIES * According to le Figaro website (www. efigaro. fr), since August 2011 DANONE is experimenting its own â€Å"fast food† restaurant and corners in France under the name â€Å"Danone bar† to sale yogurts. If it works the model could be duplicated first in various cities in Fr ance and then major cities in other countries where the dairy product are consumed essentially at home and not outside. (Please, see picture N °2) * Based on web and luxe website (www. webandluxe. com), Evian is also experimenting home delivery in Paris, based on the fact that some customers are reluctant to buy themselves bottle water packs because of their weight. If it works this idea could also be duplicated in major cities. Furthermore Evian claims that it will help with its carbon print as these deliveries are made with electrical cars. * Evian has also opened a new website, (www. myevian. com), were customers can buy customized bottles with their name or a specific date/event engraved with laser on the bottle. (Please, see picture N °3) * Savia, a new range of soy-based milk and yogurts, made its debut in southern Europe in 2009, and in France Taillefine, the brand that invented light dairy products, launched a new line of fruit desserts in partnership with Andros, a leading fruit processor. www. danone. fr) II – ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 1 – EXTERNAL FACTORS * PESTEL ANALYSIS We redacted this part of the work based on external factors’literrature review. * Political factors. Up to now there are four types of political factors potentially affecting Danone: * The â€Å"Danone† Amendment that the french governmen t passed in 2005 to protect the group and its minority shareholders from a rumoured take over by PepsiCo * The potential threat of an increase in customs taxes between Europe, Asia (most of all china), and NAFTA due to the world economic crisis. Increased Government campaign for public health against obesity will be likely to increase the group sales. * Change in the European Union agricultural subsidies will affect strongly the milk producers thus having a strong impact on the European business of Danone. * Economic factors. * Rate of exchange of Euro versus Yuan and Dollar may play a role in the sales of European made products elsewhere but through joint ventures in a number of countries, this risk/opportunity is downsized for the group. * General slow down of world economy but so far the group has a growth higher than the world average. Increased demand of better food product in Asia, India and Brazil with the average standard of living increasing have a positive impact. * Increa se price of raw materials, due to tightening of supply vs. demand, such as plastic, will have a strong impact on packaging cost  which represents a significant part of the product cost in bottled water: the growth of water revenues in 2010 was lower than the growth in quantities because of this factor. * Social factors. * Except for Africa the world population is ageing, this will have a potential positive impact on the demand for healthy food (activia and in the richest countries for clinical food but it twill impact adversely the infant food segment. * On the long run this may also have an impact on the workforce but for the next decade Danone work force is relatively young. * Increased awareness of the population of all ages to the positive or negative health effect of food. * Increased demand for fair trade may increase the price Danone has to pay to milk producer in non-or poorly regulated areas like Africa. * Technological factors: New biotechnologies, molecules or proteines may increase the credibility and effectiveness of cosmetic and health food thus giving an edge to Danone which has focussed its strategy on these segment since much more time than its main competitors and have the research facilities to do so. * Environmental factors: * The growing scarcity of good drinkable water may increase the sales of the water division, as it has already been the case in some countries like Spain. Greater requirements for recycling of plastic packaging and lowering carbon print may lead to the need of a change in Danone’s packaging and distribution. They have already thought about it through home delivery of water and reutilisation of empty bottle as mentioned before. * Legal factors: * The recent case of Danone being sued for misleading advertising on the supposed health benefit of some of its products (Actimel) may have further implications and force it to change substantially its line of communication. 2 – DANONE’S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE A structure is all the functions and the relations determining formally the missions and the functions which every unit of the organization has to achieve and the modes of collaboration between these units (STRATEGOR, 1993) HIERARCHY SYSTEM Danone organization is built in a way to increase flexibility and efficiency, optimize integration of employees in the group and facilitate functional, geographical and cultural synergies. It is basically a division type organization. (Please, see picture 4) In the classification of international groups introduced by Howard Perlmutter, Da none is a geocentric firm: An equal sharing of power and responsibility between headquarters and subsidiary; senior management promoted according to ability rather than nationality; subsidiaries that share worldwide objectives with managers focusing beyond national market interests. In Danone the benefits of cultural diversity, such as knowledge of local customers and business practices, are harnessed for the good of the firm as a whole. Local divisions must identify aspects of diversity that are most important to them and their operations and take the lead in expressing and managing these differences. Discussion, interaction, cross-divisional teamwork and job rotation, support, awareness, and understanding go alongside training programs, language courses, and cultural assimilation. It is typically a  «Ã‚  think globally, act locally  Ã‚ » company. * DANONE’S LOCATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH HOFSTEDE’S THEORY * Individualism: This dimension is certainly medium-low in Danone. People are expected to do cross-divisional teamwork and loyalty to the group rather than individuals is highly valued. In return each division and functions know that they can count on the others when facing a problem. * Masculinity: This is a dimension were the cultural aspect of France and Danone’s CEO personalities have plaid an important part in Danone’s culture. The score of France and in general Latin countries is not very high. Furthermore the fact that an important part of the business is now done in developing countries where this dimension is low have reinforced this aspect. So we would say that Danone is certainly more â€Å"feminine†. This could explain also that so far the US is not one of Danone’s main markets because of its strong masculinity cultural component. * Power distance: Like most international group with a divisional type organization, power distance is relatively low to medium. Inequalities among people will tend to be minimised, decentralisation of activities is important, subordinates expect to be consulted by superiors, and privileges and status symbols are less evident. However it is also * Uncertainty avoidance: Being a group dealing with the food market, the standardization of products, brands, common values world wide are a way to avoid as much as possible uncertainty. On the other hand the Group has to adapt permanently to external elements as we will see in the Pestel analysis so from our point of view, uncertainty avoidance dimension is medium to high. Time and Relationship dimensions. According to Frank Riboud and Myriam Cohen-Welgryn (2011), Danone is looking at the long term:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A company cannot succeed in the long run if it turns its back on the society it is a part of, if it only looks to its short-term economic gain. †. Their strategic move in 2007 when they sold the world N ° 2 biscuit division in exchange of infant and clin ical food brand is certainly a proof of that. On the other hand Danone is a company strongly engaged in the immediate social wellness of its employee and countries where they have factories. All this cultural and strategic aspect of the Group was well summarized by Antoine Riboud in the 90’s: â€Å"The most successful companies are the ones who think simultaneously about the technological change, the contents of the work and the change of the internal social connections in the company. † 3 – HOME COUNTRY’S CULTURE IMPACT * DETERMINING ELEMENTS OF DANONE’S CULTURE First of all DANONE is a multinational group which wants to share and transmit it own values in all countries where it’s implanted. Based on DANONE official website (www. danone. om), DANONE has four important values that have to be passed on through their products and their commitments all over the world: * The openness: this value includes various notions such as the open-mindedness, the curiosity and valuing diversity. * The enthusiasm: It symbolizes the desire and capacity to take risks and explore new, not to mention the conviction to surpass oneself and to take som e pleasure by working. * The humanism: DANONE wants to accentuate the fact that the group pays attention to the safety of people and products. Likewise it is environmentally friendly. * The proximity: The group pay attention to their customers. Indeed it’s essential for DANONE to be tuned into the expectations but also the complaints of these customers. In addition as DANONE is a French company there are other values, which come from its home country’s culture: First the idea to have a well-balanced diet by eating products of good qualities and with good taste is an important cultural subject for a large number of Frenchs. There is a growing awareness that a bad diet has direct consequences on people’s health, but also major economic consequences in terms of public health costs. Second French have a big craze for the environmentally policy. Indeed since a few years the sustainable development and the ecology are very present notions in the life of everyone. So DANONE tries to convey these same notions through their products as well as within their advertisements all over the world. All these notions are at the core of DANONE’s mission. * CULTURE IMPACT ON EACH OTHER The four core values and the French influence described here above are a frame in which the team of each division and each country where DANONE is present, have to adapt taking into consideration to their own cultural specificity as mentioned before. In fact it is perfectly in line with the openness value so the model is not rigid. When DANONE wants to open a new market in a country which culture is quite different from its own, they usually do so by incorporating joint venture with strong national partners like they did in Russia (10% of their sales in 2010) or China. The only core value, which they consider as non-negotiable, is humanism. So DANONE is typically a  «Ã‚  think globally, act locally  Ã‚ » company. 4 – DANONE’S MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEM * COMPANY’S MOTIVATIONAL ELEMENTS We know that a growing gap between the aspiration of the employees and the practices of companies is source of additional costs and loss of performance. That is why, to DANONE, the motivation of the employees is an imperative condition of the company’s growth. The group DANONE often insists on the need of permanent growth to preserve its leaders place on the market. This growth requires consistently an outstanding performance, which supposes that the company can lean on committed employees. Consequently, DANONE insure on a regular basis that the 3 main conditions for optimum employee’s commitment are fulfilled: The company is in sync with its culture and its values He is proud to belong to a leading group; He is certain that his employer assumes the development of his skills. To strengthen the motivation of the employees and their commitment, the group DANONE tries to establish, on a regular basis, a correlation between the practices of management and the growth of th e units. To do it, regular questionnaires are submitted to the managers and DANONE, from time to time, widen these survey to its thousands employees. More concretely the group DANONE insists more particularly on the autonomy and the sharing between employees: We rely on the autonomy of management of our subsidiaries and what we call the networking attitude. It means that, when an employee meets a problem, he has to have the reflex not to turn around towards his boss, but rather to exchange with his counterpart, wherever he turns out to be in the world, to find the solution. We forged a series of tools to share the knowledge and exchange good practises for the specialists of every domain (finances, human resources, industry, marketers). † (Franck Mougin’s interview, 2006, available at www. lexpress. fr) ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE’S EFFICIENCY Since 2002 DANONE’s HR, supported by Frank Riboud, has developed several tools to increase efficiency of the organizat ion, based on the fact that they are too  «Ã‚  small  Ã‚ » compared with their competitors Nestle or PepsiCo to  «Ã‚  reinvent the wheel  Ã‚ ». So they have started knowledge â€Å"marketplaces† and â€Å"sharing networks†Ã¢â‚¬â€to help employees connect with each other and share good practices horizontally rather than relying on hierarchical lines of communication. In 10 years DANONE employees shared almost 1000 good practices with colleagues. The Networking Attitude had made practical information accessible to about 70% of the more than 9,000 DANONE managers around the world. Best of all these programs, which are conducted within the timeframe of more formal meetings, incurred very little cost and were considered highly successful by 90 % of general managers, according to an internal survey. The HR top management worked also on â€Å"co-building events† where employees from different units within DANONE networked with the goal of creating new practices or products rather than sharing existing ones. http://www. duperrin. com/2008/04/21/comment-danone-fait-de-sa-culture-un-levier-de-performance/) These programs didn’t fit in so easily. They required lots of energy and preparation from HR and took time to be accepted in some part of the world where discussing serious business issue with lower rank colleagues or wearing costumes- as it was recommended during marketplace events- was contrary to local culture. Des pite these first reluctances it does work and the most obvious result is that DANONE start launching new products 3 times faster than its competitors. Franck MOUGIN amp; Benedikt BENENAT/avril 2005/ Danone se raconte des histoires, une version latine du knowledge management/http://www. ecole. org) - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Frank Riboud, CEO Danone said: â€Å"At Danone we don’t talk about strategy, we react to the context around us. For me, it’s like a Lego box that you buy for your children. They start to play, trying to find a way to build the image on the Lego box. At the end of the day, they give up, throw out the box, and put the pieces away. The next weekend you put all the Lego pieces on the floor and then the strategy starts. They try to imagine something. Not what was on the box, but what they have in their heads. That is strategy at Danone for me: It’s Lego. † (Harvard business school, 2008) Since he took over in 1996, he did three very smart things. First, he directed to company’s focus towards health and nutrition. Second, he turned a Western European company into an international organization with operations worldwide. And third, he changed how the organization was managed. He created the expression â€Å"jeu de jambe†, or footwork, which perfectly describes Danone’s approach to dealing with many issues in a flexible way. With its focus on nutrition and promoting health through four product divisions, Danone appeared to have a clear strategy for the new century. As CEO, Riboud’s larger vision extended beyond ordinary customer segments to include promoting health to people throughout the world. In 2011 he acknowledges his father’s, Antoine, vision when he said in 1972 in front of a number of CEO of the biggest French companies: Conduisons nos entreprises autant avec le coeur qu’avec la tete et n’oublions pas que si les ressources d’energie de la Terre ont des limites, celles de l’homme sont infinies s’il se sent motive. Let’s manage our companies as much with our heart as with our brain and let’s not forget that if earth resources are limited, the man’s one are infinite if he feels motivated. We believe that Antoine and Frank Riboud leadership and vision and their unique management way have leaded the Group to its success. - BIBLIOGR APHY Books: David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski (2004) Organizational Behaviour. (5th Ed. ) FT Prentice Hall. D. Buchanan A. Huczynski (2010) Organizational Behaviour. 7th Ed. ) FT Prentice Hall. Bauer and Erdogan (2009) Organizational Behaviour. FT Paperback. | Internet sources (International and French sources): Tatum, M. (2010). What is SWOT Analysis? Available at: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-swot-analysis. htm (Accessed: 10 November 2011) DANONE (2011). Our company. Available at: http://www. danone. com/en/company/introduction. html (Accessed: 10 November 2011) Groupe DANONE (2011). Historical background. Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Groupe_Danone (Accessed: 10 November 2011) L’Ecole de Paris du management (2005) – Danone se raconte des histoires, une version latine du Knowledge management Franck Mougin interview. Available at: http://ecole. org/seminaires/FS1/SEM190/VA010405. pdf/view (Accessed: 12 November 2011) LEXPRESS. fr (2006). Donner du sens au travail. Available at: http://www. lexpress. fr/emploi-carriere/laquo-donner-du-sens-au-travail-raquo_479442. html (Accessed: 15 November 2011) LEFIGARO. fr – Economie (2011). Danone s’essaie au bar a yaourt. Available at: http://www. lefigaro. r/societes/2011/07/14/04015-20110714ARTFIG00454-danone-s-essaie-a-la-restauration-rapide. php (Accessed: 13 November 2011) Le Journal du Net (2010). DANONE. Available at: http://www. journaldunet. com/danone/ (Accessed: 13 November 2011) Web amp; Luxe – digital luxury magazine (2010). Myevian. com: la personalisation est aussi chez Evian. Available at: http://www. webandluxe. com/08/2010/myevian-com-la-personnalisation-est-aussi-chez-evian/ (Accessed: 13 November 2011) Bloc-Notes de Bertrand Duperrin (2008). Comment DANONE fait de sa culture un levier de performance. Available at: http://www. duperrin. com/2008/04/21/comment-danone-fait-de-sa-culture-un-levier-de-performance/ (Accessed: 14 November 2011) - APPENDICES Picture 1: The first yogurt Danone with a porcelain package sold in chemists in 1928 (Available at: http://tourisme. bienpublic. com/90-ans-de-Danone-les-8-yaourts-qui. html) Picture 2: The first Danone bar opened in august 2011 in a shopping mall near Paris. (Available at: http://www. lefigaro. fr/societes/2011/07/14/04015-20110714ARTFIG00454-danone-s

The College Essay Blues free essay sample

I have been fretting about my college essay. I am worried that it will decide my future. Everyone tells me that’s not true. Even books (especially books) tell me that’s not true. I can’t make myself believe them. I am worried about â€Å"putting myself down on paper† as all those books have been telling me to do. I am not Flat Stanley, I am not a word. I cannot be pasted to an 8.511 sheet of paper and forgotten. It doesn’t work that way. I don’t know how I’m going to capture my â€Å"essence† on paper. How can I write down my complete inability to part my hair straight? How do I capture my favorite song – â€Å"Perdoname† – which I love for reasons even I don’t understand? I don’t think I can write down my memories of my gypsy-themed sixth birthday, or my excitement and apprehension at moving after eleven years in the same tan-and-red house. We will write a custom essay sample on The College Essay Blues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am not sure how to begin to describe my inordinate delight at choosing a â€Å"Word of the Day† for junior English classes. I can’t explain my collection of papier-mache â€Å"Dia de los Muertos† skulls. I’ll never figure out how to chronicle my late-night baking adventures. Colleges are asking too much, perhaps, when they tell us to sum up our lives (however short; sixteen, seventeen, or eighteen is a lifetime to us – literally!) in a clear and concise 350-500 word essay. How can we be clear and concise about our teenage-selves, which are tumbling around in our heads like clothes in a washing machine on the fritz? Am I supposed to describe my tendency to drink Diet Coke in excess, or the â€Å"Feliz Cumpleanos† banner that’s still hanging in my room from my sixteenth birthday? Should I try to write down the utter joy I feel at composing a simple German sentence? Am I allowed to fess up to my gossip magazine addiction? More likely, colleges want a laundry list of my achievements. They want to hear that I’m an editor on the yearbook staff, that I’ve won a national writing award. They want to hear about my summer spent volunteering in rural Nicaragua, about my language skills and how they’ve won me competitions. They want to hear that I’m the VP of the Gay-Straight Alliance and historian of the German club, that I’m a member of both the NHS and the Spanish NHS. That’s all fine and good, except it’s not really what I want to tell them. I want to tell them that I can’t be summed up in 500 words, much less 350. The fedora collection, the USPS flat-rate box infatuation, the typewriter, the giant pink bear from eighth grade†¦none of it can be explained away in 12pt Times New Roman. I am not an essay, as much as I would like to be. I am a person, for better or worse, faults and all. I am a life-loving, eye-crossing, picture-taking, overly-sensitive soul who paints her toenails neon colors. I am not 350 words, nor 500. I’m me, acceptance letter or not.